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Eastern Liao () was a 13th-century kingdom in what is now Northeast China, established by the Khitan people Yelü clan in an attempt to resurrect the Liao dynasty. Its capital was situated in modern-day Kaiyuan, Liaoning.
In 1213, Yelü Liuge proclaimed himself king, adopted the dynastic name of " Liao" () and era name of "Yuantong" (). To distinguish this regime from other similarly named realms in Chinese history, historians refer to this kingdom in retrospect as " Eastern Liao" ().
In 1214, the Jin dynasty once again attacked Eastern Liao under the command of Puxian Wannu. After defeating the Jin forces the second time, Yelü Liuge established his capital at modern-day Kaiyuan, Liaoning and renamed it to "Zhongjing" (lit. "Middle Capital"; ). Puxian Wannu himself rebelled against Jin and founded the Eastern Xia kingdom in Dongjing (Liaoyang) of Jin in 1215.
In 1216, Yelü Sibu (the younger brother of Yelü Liuge) rebelled against the pro-Mongol faction led by Yelü Liuge. Yelü Sibu proclaimed himself the emperor of a new regime, Later Liao (), in modern Haicheng, Liaoning.
In 1218, Yelü Liuge attacked Later Liao with the support of the Mongol Empire and Goryeo. In the spring of 1219, the Later Liao ruler Yelü Hanshe committed suicide after suffering military defeat by Eastern Liao, marking the collapse of the Later Liao regime.
| Yelü Liuge (耶律留哥) | Yuantong (元統) | 1213–1220 | |
| Empress Yaoli (姚里氏)1 | 1220–1226 | ||
| Yelü Xuedu (耶律薛阇) | 1226–1238 | ||
| Yelü Shouguonu (耶律收國奴) | 1238–1259 | ||
| Yelü Gunai (耶律古乃) | 1259–1269 | ||
| 1 Regent | |||
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